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@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ Substitute ```enp4s0``` with the interface from Step 1 above.
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This method provides full control over VM creation:
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- # Create a directory for VM images
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+ # Create a directory for VM images
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sudo mkdir -p /var/kvm/images
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# Download Ubuntu 24.04 Server ISO
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@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ For desktop users, install the graphical interface:
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#### Starting and Stopping VMs
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- # Start a VM
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+ # Start a VM
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virsh start ubuntu-vm1
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# Start and connect to console
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virsh start ubuntu-vm1 --console
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@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ For desktop users, install the graphical interface:
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#### Listing and Monitoring VMs
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- # List running VMs
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+ # List running VMs
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virsh list
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# List all VMs (including stopped)
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virsh list --all
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@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ For desktop users, install the graphical interface:
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### Creating Storage Pools
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- # Create a new storage pool directory
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+ # Create a new storage pool directory
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sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/libvirt/images/vmpool
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# Define the storage pool
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virsh pool-define-as vmpool dir - - - - "/var/lib/libvirt/images/vmpool"
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@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ For desktop users, install the graphical interface:
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### Managing Virtual Disks
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- # Create a new disk
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+ # Create a new disk
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virsh vol-create-as vmpool ubuntu-vm2.qcow2 30G --format qcow2
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# List volumes in a pool
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virsh vol-list vmpool
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@@ -220,11 +220,11 @@ For desktop users, install the graphical interface:
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### Install Management Utilities
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- sudo apt -y install libguestfs-tools virt-top
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+ sudo apt -y install libguestfs-tools virt-top
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### Using libguestfs Tools
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- # List files in VM
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+ # List files in VM
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virt-ls -l -d ubuntu-vm1 /etc
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# View file content
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virt-cat -d ubuntu-vm1 /etc/hostname
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@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ For desktop users, install the graphical interface:
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# Clone a VM
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virt-clone --original ubuntu-vm1 --name ubuntu-vm2 --file /var/kvm/images/ubuntu-vm2.img
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# Clone with auto-generated storage
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-virt-clone --original ubuntu-vm1 --name ubuntu-vm3 --auto-clone
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+ virt-clone --original ubuntu-vm1 --name ubuntu-vm3 --auto-clone
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### Managing Snapshots
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@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ Enable nested virtualization to run VMs inside VMs:
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### Enable Nested Virtualization
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- # For Intel CPUs
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+ # For Intel CPUs
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echo 'options kvm_intel nested=1' | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/kvm-intel.conf
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# For AMD CPUs
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echo 'options kvm_amd nested=1' | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/kvm-amd.conf
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@@ -297,13 +297,13 @@ Enable nested virtualization to run VMs inside VMs:
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### CPU Pinning
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- # Pin vCPUs to physical CPUs
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+ # Pin vCPUs to physical CPUs
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virsh vcpupin ubuntu-vm1 0 0
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virsh vcpupin ubuntu-vm1 1 1
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## Memory Optimization
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- # Set memory balloon
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+ # Set memory balloon
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virsh setmem ubuntu-vm1 2048M --config
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# Enable hugepages
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echo 'vm.nr_hugepages = 1024' | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf
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@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ Enable nested virtualization to run VMs inside VMs:
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Use VirtIO drivers and cache modes:
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- <disk type='file' device='disk'>
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+ <disk type='file' device='disk'>
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<driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='writeback' io='threads'/>
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<source file='/var/kvm/images/ubuntu-vm1.img'/>
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<target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
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@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ Use VirtIO drivers and cache modes:
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### Backup VMs
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- # Backup VM configuration
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+ # Backup VM configuration
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virsh dumpxml ubuntu-vm1 > ubuntu-vm1.xml
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# Backup disk image
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sudo cp /var/kvm/images/ubuntu-vm1.img /backup/
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